VPS'e Docker ve docker-compose nasıl kurulur (Ubuntu 22.04/24.04)

Docker VPS'te izole servisler çalıştırmanın standart yolu. Bu rehber Ubuntu 22.04/24.04'e en son Docker Engine + docker-compose plugin kurar. 2 GB+ RAM'li her Hostiger VPS Docker'ı rahat çalıştırır.

1. Eski Docker'ı kaldır

apt remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc -y || true

2. Docker resmi reposu

apt update
apt install ca-certificates curl gnupg -y
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] \
  https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo $VERSION_CODENAME) stable" \
  | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

3. Docker Engine + compose plugin

apt update
apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y
systemctl enable --now docker
docker --version
docker compose version

4. Root olmayan kullanım

usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker
docker run hello-world

5. İlk container

docker run -d --name webtest -p 8080:80 nginx
curl http://localhost:8080

Public erişim için: ufw allow 8080/tcp.

6. docker-compose örneği

services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports: ["80:80"]
    restart: unless-stopped
  db:
    image: postgres:16
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: change_me
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
  db_data:

docker compose up -d
docker compose ps

7. Bakım komutları

docker system prune -af
docker container stats
docker compose down --volumes
journalctl -u docker

Güvenlik

• Docker TCP soketini asla TLS olmadan public etme
• docker grubundaki kullanıcı = root
• Production'da :latest yerine version pinle (nginx:1.27-alpine)

Ağır container iş yükleri için Hostiger High-RAM VPS — Docker + veritabanı genelde CPU'dan önce RAM tüketir.